HAPPENING 11 October 2024 - 31 August 2025 | The Wereldmuseum Rotterdam has opened its latest exhibition, 'Made in China,' exploring China's craftsmanship traditions. The exhibition presents a blend of historical and contemporary objects, offering a new perspective on creation and mass production.
Illustration: Li Xiaofeng, Past Presence 1, Beijing, 2016, courtesy of Colección SOLO | Photo redit: Aad Hoogendoorn
A new perspective on Chinese craftsmanship
The Wereldmuseum Rotterdam has launched its newest exhibition, 'Made in China,' inviting visitors to explore China's rich tradition of craftsmanship through a collection of objects, art, fashion, photographs, and videos. The exhibition, open from today, examines China's creation culture, both ancient and modern, under the lens of contemporary artists and designers such as Cao Fei, Susan Fang, and Ma Ke. The work displayed reflects on the act of making and how these creators respond to the world around them, and in some cases, seek to change it.
The global demand for and production of goods 'Made in China' has a long history. In this exhibition, various examples of Chinese craft traditions, such as porcelain, lacquer, and painting, are on display, alongside the works of modern Chinese creators. These artists share their personal stories and explore both continuity and change in their cultural heritage. The exhibition also highlights China's tradition of imitation and mass production, showing how these practices have evolved over thousands of years.
A reflection on China's making tradition
Wayne Modest, the director of content at the Wereldmuseum, notes, “The act of making is inseparable from what it means to be human. Globally, people shape and interpret their world in various ways, reflecting their creativity and ways of living. China’s long history of craftsmanship and expertise has contributed significantly to the world. 'Made in China' offers contemporary perspectives on this tradition, highlighting both the museum's collection and the participating makers' interpretations.”
The exhibition also delves into the widespread use of the 'Made in China' label, the world’s most common maker’s mark. From silk to porcelain, Chinese products have been traded for thousands of years. Using timelines, images, and art, 'Made in China' highlights significant milestones and turning points in China's making culture. Objects such as a 4,500-year-old painted pottery storage jar, marking the shift from hunter-gatherer societies to settled agriculture, illustrate China's rich history. Interactive maps also show trade networks, past and present, from the ancient Silk Road to today's Belt and Road Initiative.
Materials and techniques
China's making tradition is deeply rooted in the craftsmanship of its artisans, artists, and makers, who worked with materials like lacquer, silk, porcelain, jade, and glass using specialised techniques. Some of these materials, such as the porcelain clay found near the city of Jingdezhen, were unique to China for centuries, leading to the development of centres of expertise. The exhibition provides a comprehensive overview of these materials and techniques, including calligraphy, ink painting, bamboo carving, and textile arts. The blending of historic artefacts with contemporary creations demonstrates that while China honours its traditions, there is also space for innovation, as seen in the work of modern creators like Shelly Xue Lü.
Contemporary makers
Contemporary Chinese creators featured in the exhibition address global changes and Chinese cultural traditions. For instance, fashion designer Ma Ke responds to the fast fashion industry by designing sustainable clothing made from traditional materials and techniques. Yidesign has developed a method to recycle the 16 billion kilos of ceramic waste produced in China annually. Artist Chan Po-Fung transforms broken jade bracelets into new jewellery pieces where the break becomes an integral part of the design. The exhibition also showcases works by artists such as Susan Fang, Feng Chen Wang, and Dong Quanbin, reflecting how modern creators are shaping the future of Chinese craftsmanship.
Mass production: a long history
While the Industrial Revolution is often considered the beginning of mass production, China began this process thousands of years earlier. As early as the 3rd century BCE, modular design allowed for efficient production of variations on a large scale. The exhibition features life-size replicas of terracotta soldiers from the First Emperor’s tomb, created using the original materials and techniques. Visitors can also interact with an installation that explores the modularity of the Chinese writing system, which allows for thousands of character variations.
The exhibition also reflects on the negative impacts of mass production, such as environmental degradation and human exploitation. Photographs by Lu Guang and video art by Cao Fei depict pollution in rural and industrial China, while migrant workers' poetry offers insight into their working conditions. The exhibition asks visitors to consider the hidden costs of cheap production on people and the environment.
The art of copying
'Made in China' also explores the Chinese tradition of imitation and copying, which differs from Western concepts of originality and forgery. In China, the practice of copying can be seen as an honouring of past masters or a method for improving one’s karma in Buddhism. The exhibition places copying in a broader historical context, including the development of woodblock printing and other duplication techniques that helped spread Buddhism in China. The exhibition also examines the phenomenon of 'shanzhai,' where Western brands and architecture are copied and adapted creatively by artists such as Jing He.
Location and directions
The 'Made in China' exhibition is being held at Wereldmuseum Rotterdam, located on Willemskade. The museum is situated near the Erasmus Bridge and is easily accessible by public transport, with nearby tram and metro stations. For visitors travelling by car, parking is available in the vicinity, though public transport is recommended due to limited space.